1. [Ano ang Sakramento ng Kumpisal?]
Ang sakramento ng Kumpisal ay ang paghingi ng kapatawaran sa ating mga nagawang kasalanan sa Diyos at pagbabalik loob sa Simbahan. Sapagkat sa pamamagitan ng ating pagkakasala tayo ay nahihiwalay sa grasya ng Diyos. [CCC 1422] Ating ikinukumpisal sa pari ang ating mga nagawang mortal na kasalanan. Sapagkat may dalawang uri ng kasalanan, ang kasalanang ‘di humahantong sa kamatayan at ang kasalanang humahantong sa kamatayan [1 Juan 5:16]. Ang kasalanang ‘di humahantong sa kamatayan ay hindi na nangangailangan ng kumpisal tanging ang kasalanang humahantong sa kamatayan.
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2. [Diyos nga lang ba ang nakakapagpatawad ng kasalanan?]
Totoong Diyos ang nagpapatawad ng ating mga kasalanan. Subalit binigyan ni Kristo ang kanyang mga alagad ng “authority” na magpatawad ng kasalanan:
“And with that he breathed on them and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit. If you forgive anyone’s sins, their sins are forgiven; if you do not forgive them, they are not forgiven. [John 20:22-23]”
“All this is from God, who reconciled us to himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation:” [2 Corinthians 5:18]
Dito isinugo ng Diyos ang kanyang mga apostol upang makapagpatawad ng kasalanan. Ipinasa naman ng mga apostol ang “authority” na ito sa kanilang mga “successors” ang mga Obispo at mga pari.
Kaya kapag tayo ay nangungumpisal sa pari, hindi sinasabi ng mga pari na pinapatawad tayo sa pamamagitan ng pangalan ng paring iyon. Ang sinasabi nila ay “I absolve you from your sins in the name of the Father, and of the Son, + and of the Holy Spirit.”
Ang mga pari ay nagpapatawad “in the person of Christ.” Ito ay ating mababasa sa 2Corinto 2:10
“To whom ye forgive any thing, I forgive also: for if I forgave any thing, to whom I forgave it, for your sakes forgave I it in the person of Christ;” [2Corinthians 2:10 KJV].
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3. [Inutos ba sa biblia na tayo ay mangumpisal?]
Tayo ay hinihikayat ni Apostol Santiago na ikumpisal ang ating mga nagawang pagkakasala sa “elders of the church” o ito ang katumbas ng Obispo o pari sa kasalukuyang panahon.
“Is anyone among you sick? Let them call the elders of the church to pray over them and anoint them with oil in the name of the Lord. And the prayer offered in faith will make the sick person well; the Lord will raise them up. If they have sinned, they will be forgiven. Therefore confess your sins to each other and pray for each other so that you may be healed. The prayer of a righteous person is powerful and effective. [James 5:14-16]
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4. [Nangungumpisal na ba ang mga sinaunang Kristiyano noon pa man?]
Oo. At may ilang pahayag ang mga Early Church Fathers tungkol sa hiwaga ng Sakramento ng Kumpisal. Narito ang iilan:
• Didache 4:14; 14:1
As early as 70 AD
As early as 70 AD
Confess your sins in church, and do not go up to your prayer with an evil conscience. This is the way of life…. On the Lord’s Day gather together, break bread, and give thanks, after confessing your transgressions so that your sacrifice may be pure.
(Ang Didache ay isang aklat na naglalaman ng katuruan ng mga Apostol)
(Ang Didache ay isang aklat na naglalaman ng katuruan ng mga Apostol)
• St. Athanasius of Alexandria
295 – 373 AD
On the Gospel of Luke 19
295 – 373 AD
On the Gospel of Luke 19
Just as a man is enlightened by the Holy Spirit when he is baptized by a priest, so he who confesses his sins with a repentant heart obtains their remission from the priest
• St. Ambrose
c. 333 – 397 AD
Penance 2:2:12
c. 333 – 397 AD
Penance 2:2:12
But what was impossible was made possible by God, who gave us so great a grace. It seemed likewise impossible for sins to be forgiven through penance; yet Christ granted even this to His Apostles, and by His Apostles it has been transmitted to the offices of priest.
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